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| 1054 |
| | A papal delegate (from Leo IX) excommunicates Cerularius, the Patriarch of Constantinople, and the delegate is excommunicated in retaliation, launching a lasting East-West Schism | |
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| 1182 |
| | Resentment of western merchants results in a massacre of Roman Catholics by fellow Christians in Constantinople | |
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| 1204 |
| | The crusaders of the fourth crusade besiege, take and destroy the Christian city of Constantinople | |
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| c. 1205 |
| | Many of the treasures adorning the church of San Marco in Venice are loot taken from Constantinople during the fourth crusade | |
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| 1326 |
| | Moscow acquires new prestige when the metropolitan (or patriarch) of the Russian Orthodox church moves his residence from Vladimir | |
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| 1386 |
| | Jogaila, baptized a Roman Catholic before marrying Jadwiga, brings Lithuania into the Christian fold - the last part of Europe to be converted | |
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| 1438 |
| | The Byzantine emperor John Palaeologus and the Patriarch of Constantinope, Joasaph, arrive in Ferrara to attend a council of the Roman Catholic church | |
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| 1439 |
| | Florence acquires first-hand experience of Greek culture when Greek Orthodox priests join in a debate on theology, in particular the question of Filioque | |
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| 1439 |
| | The Seventeenth Ecumenical Council moves from Ferrara, because of the danger of plague, and sets up in Florence | |
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| c. 1475 |
| | With Constantinople in Turkish hands, Moscow begins to see itself as the centre of Orthodox Christianity - or the third Rome | |
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